Network:
- A computer network or data network is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data.
- In computer networks, networked computing devices pass data to each other along data connections.
- The connections (network links) between nodes are established using either cable media or wireless media.
- The best-known computer network
is the Internet.
- Inter networking is the practice of connecting a computer network with other networks through the use of gateways that provide a common method of routing information packets between the networks.
- The resulting system of interconnected networks is called an inter network, or simply an internet.
- Inter networking is a combination of the words inter ("between") and networking; not internet-working or international-network.
Intra Network:
- An intranet is a computer network that uses Internet Protocol technology to share information, operational systems, or computing services within an organization.
- This term is used in contrast to extranet, a network between organizations, and instead refers to a network within an organization.
- Sometimes, the term refers only to the organization's internal website, but may be a more extensive part of the organization's information technology infrastructure, and may be composed of multiple local area networks.
- The objective is to organize each individual's desktop with minimal cost, time and effort to be more productive, cost efficient, timely, and competitive.
Extranet:
- An extranet is a computer network that allows controlled access from the outside, for specific business or educational purposes.
- In a business-to-business context, an extranet can be viewed as an extension of an organization's intranet that is extended to users outside the organization, usually partners, vendors and suppliers, in isolation from all other Internet users.
- In contrast, business-to-consumer (B2C) models involve known servers of one or more companies, communicating with previously unknown consumer users.
- An extranet is similar to a DMZ in that it provides access to needed services for channel partners, without granting access to an organization's entire network.
Topology:
- Topology means structure of Network.
- Types of Topology Networks:
1.
Single Node Topology
 |
| Single Node Topology |
2. Bus
Topology
 |
| Bus Topology |
- It works well when you have a small network.
- Easiest network topology for connecting computers or
peripherals in a linear fashion.
- Requires less cable length than a star topology.
3. Ring Topology
- All data flows in one direction, reducing the chance of packet collisions.
- A network server is not needed to control network connectivity between each workstation.
- Data can transfer between workstations at high speeds.
- Additional workstations can be added without impacting performance of the network.
4. Star
Topology
 |
| Star Topology |
- As compared to Bus topology it gives far much better performance, signals don’t necessarily get transmitted to all the workstations. A sent signal reaches the intended destination after passing through no more than 3-4 devices and 2-3 links. Performance of the network is dependent on the capacity of central hub.
- Easy to connect new nodes or devices. In star topology new nodes can be added easily without affecting rest of the network. Similarly components can also be removed easily.
- Centralized management. It helps in monitoring the network.
- Failure of one node or link doesn’t affect the rest of network. At the same time its easy to detect the failure and troubleshoot it.
5. Mesh
Topology
 |
| Mesh Topology |
- Data can be transmitted from different devices simultaneously. This topology can withstand high traffic.
- Even if one of the components fails there is always an alternative present. So data transfer doesn’t get affected.
- Expansion and modification in topology can be done without disrupting other nodes.
6. Hybrid
Topology
- Hybrid, as the name suggests, is mixture of two different things.
- Similarly in this type of topology we integrate two or more different topologies to form a resultant topology which has good points(as well as weaknesses) of all the constituent basic topologies rather than having characteristics of one specific topology.
- This combination of topologies is done according to the requirements of the organization.
7.
Tree Topology
- A tree topology is a special type of structure in which many connected elements are arranged like the branches of a tree.
- For example, tree topologies are frequently used to organize the computers in a corporate network, or the information in a database.
- In a tree topology, there can be only one connection between any two connected nodes.
- Because any two nodes can have only one mutual connection, tree topologies form a natural parent-child hierarchy.
!
Network Device:
Equipment’s that connect
directly to a network segment is referred to a device.
These devices are broken up into
two classification:
1.
End-User Device
These are the device that
include computer, printer, scanner, and other device that provides service
directly to user.
2.
Network Device
These are the device that
include all device that connects end-user device together to allow them to communicate.
To connect same device (Cross
Crimping):
 |
| Cross Crimping |
Eg: Hub to Hub or Switch to
Switch.
Orange white - Green
white
Orange - Green
Blue white - Blue white
Green - Orange
Green white - Orange white
Blue - Blue
Brown white - Brown white
Brown - Brown
To connect different device
(straight crimping):
 |
| Straight Crimping |
Eg: Hub to PC or switch to PC
Orange white - Orange
white
Orange - Orange
Blue white - Blue white
Green - Green
Green white - Green white
Blue - Blue
Brown white - Brown white
Brown - Brown
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